Riders changed horses at 153 stations, spaced from 7 to 20 mi. It offered 8-10-day delivery, with an "emergency" time of 7 days, 7 hours. It was thought to bring good luck to the home team, since "7" was a winning number at dice.ĪpThe Pony Express began fast overland mail service, operating between St. Baseball's ritual for relieving spectator fatiguethe "7th-inning stretch"was commonly adopted. signs extradition treaty with Sweden.Īpril, 1860 - Seventh Inning Stretch. They also visited a session of Congress whose noisy atmosphere, as Ambassador Muragaki humorously remarked, "resembled somewhat that of our fish market at Nihonbashi." At the end of June 1860, the Japanese envoys departed on the ship Niagara to make their return journey to Japan. While in Washington D.C., the mission paid its official visit to President James Buchanan at the White House, reviewed troops and were entertained by military brass bands. In the course of their travels, the delegation spent three weeks sightseeing in Washington before making official visits to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and finally New York. Congress provided a $50,000 budget to entertain the envoysa considerable sum at that time. The arrival of the Japanese was a major event in America. The Powhatan carried the seventy-plus Japanese delegation, with its two principal ambassadors, Masaoki Shinmi and Norimasa Muragaki, on to Panama where the delegation crossed the Isthmus of Panama by train, and once again, set sail for Washington, D.C. Consul to Japan in 1854 after Commodore Perry's opening of Japan)and the Japanese government. Japan's Tokugawa government had sent its first official envoys to exchange treaty ratifications based on agreements concluded in 1858 between Townsend Harristhe first American ambassador to Japan (appointed U.S. March-June, 1860 - First Japanese Embassy arrives in San Francisco on March 9 en route to Washington D.C. It is true that all of usand by that I mean, not the Republican party alone, but the whole American people, here and elsewhereall of us wish this question settled, wish it out of the way". Abraham Lincoln gives speech in New Haven, Connecticut: "Whether we will or not, the question of Slavery is the question, the all absorbing topic of the day. Abraham Lincoln addresses gathering at the Cooper Institute in New York, attacking slavery and insisting that the Federal government has "the power of restraining the extension of the institution." The General Assemby of Alabama passes Joint Resolutions, to take effect the election of a Republican to the presidency, including a call for a convention "to consider, determine and do whatever in the opinion of said Convention, the rights, interests, and honor of the State of Alabama requires to be done for their protection."įebruLincoln's Speech at Cooper Institute. Quitman, William Porcher Miles, and James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow, publisher of DeBow's Review.įebruAlabama's Joint Resolutions on Secession. Wigfall, Nathaniel Beverly Tucker, John A. Yancey, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Rhett, Louis T. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States." Keitt is among a group of radical sectionalists ("Fire-Eaters") whose ready acceptance of secession materially contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. Strike down the institution of African slavery and you reduce the South to depopulation and barbarism. Keitt, Congressman from South Carolina, declares: "African slavery is the corner-stone of the industrial, social, and political fabric of the South and whatever wars against it, wars against her very existence. In a speech to the House of Representatives, Lawrence M. New York City became the largest Irish city in the world with 203,740 Irish-born out of a total population of 805,651. The geographical center of the United States lies somewhere near Chillicothe, Ohio. As for the number of slaves owned by each master, 88% held fewer than twenty, and nearly 50% held fewer than five. The total number of slave owners was 385,000 (including, in Louisiana, some free Negroes). In Mississippi and South Carolina it approached one half. Almost one-third of all Southern families owned slaves. Total number of slaves in the Border States: 432,586 (13% of total population). Total number of slaves in the Upper South: 1,208758 (29% of total population). Total number of slaves in the Lower South : 2,312,352 (47% of total population).
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